• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Energy optimization procedure in evaporation and salt crystallization systems, which comprises using a heat pump (1), which in turn comprises a closed circuit formed by a compressor (3), a condenser (4), an expansion valve (5) and an evaporator (6) through which circulates a coolant fluid (2) with low boiling point, where, in operation, the condenser (4) gives heat to a hot bulb (7) and the evaporator (6). ) absorbs heat from a cold bulb (8), the method comprising using the hot bulb (7) in a evaporation/crystallization system (9) of brines and the cold bulb (8) in a refrigeration system (10). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2545696A1
    申请号:ES201430324
    申请日:2014-03-11
    公开日:2015-09-15
    发明作者:Miguel ECHAVARREN SERRANO
    申请人:Hpd Process Engineering S A U；Hpd Process Engineering Sau；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    P201430324
    03-11-2014
    DESCRIPTION
    Energy optimization procedure in evaporation and salt crystallization systems 5
    TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention has application in the process industry, and more specifically in the field of evaporation and crystallization processes, allowing to achieve
    10 energy optimization of the industrial processes of evaporation and crystallization of salts such as sodium sulfate or sodium chloride, among others, from the use of liquid currents, such as cooling water and / or condensates generated, by using the pump principle of heat, usually known as the Carnot cycle.
    15 BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    Currently, applications that use industrial evaporation and crystallization plants or systems to obtain value-added products, treat waste streams and even desalinate water are common.
    In the evaporation processes, a physical process is carried out which comprises a phase change of a substance called solvent, usually water, from a liquid state to a gaseous state, for which it must have acquired sufficient energy. The purpose of these processes is to obtain a liquid stream with a higher concentration.
    Similarly, the crystallization processes comprise a phase change of a substance called solute, usually formed by inorganic and organic salts, from a liquid state to a solid state after having reached the limits of its solubility by subjecting to an evaporation process. .
    30 An example of practical application of this type of process can be found in international application No. WO-2012112359-A1, which describes a desalination plant that uses a heat pump and photovoltaic energy, where the energy to achieve evaporation of water is obtained from the heat provided by the heat pump and the
    35 condensation by cooling the cold spot water. The electrical energy that is necessary to contribute to the cycle is obtained by a photovoltaic system.
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    Another example can be found in international application No. WO-2012032403-A1, where a method of evaporation and possible distillation of fluids by the use of a heat pump is described. The process requires additional contributions of heat energy from different sources so that the hot spot has a sufficient temperature level to achieve the required evaporation.
    In the case of wastewater treatment, a system in which an evaporation process is performed is described in European Patent Application No. EP-933331-A2, for which the system comprises a heat pump by absorption.
    In view of the previous examples, it is clear that large amounts of energy are involved in evaporation and crystallization processes, since it is necessary to make changes in the state of matter, which is why it is considered necessary to optimize the energies involved in these processes, with the objective of minimizing both the use of external sources of energy, in the form of steam and electricity, in the demanding points of the same, as the energy losses caused by the need for dispersion of excess energy in other points of the system, as happens for example in cooling towers.
    With the aim of solving this problem, different processes are currently known that have the common objective of optimizing energy resources to perform the required evaporations and crystallizations, thus trying to reduce the energy needs of steam and electricity involved.
    In this sense, it is worth mentioning the processes that comprise the use of thermo ejectors, which by using live steam at high pressures, higher than atmospheric pressure, reuse the vapors generated in the evaporation / crystallization process itself, increasing its pressure to can be used again as an energy supply current or as a means of extracting the vapors generated in the process (energy dissipation).
    Likewise, processes that include the use of heat exchangers of different kinds are also known, which are ultimately devices that allow energy to be transferred from a hot focus to a cold focus.
    In any case, there is currently the problem of minimizing and optimizing
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    energy resources in industrial evaporation and crystallization facilities, such as in sodium sulphate, sodium chloride plants or in liquid waste treatment facilities with zero liquid discharge, where there is still a need, to a greater or lesser extent, to use external sources of energy contribution as well as dissipate out of the system the excess energies that occur at certain points.
    Therefore, there is a need to achieve a more efficient use of the energy flows involved in these systems, additionally considering that most of the applications energy uses are limited by the environmental conditions and the differences in thermal jump necessary for Continuously achieve an efficient use of energy sources. This means that in many applications there is a need to make a continuous supply of steam and / or electricity as an energy source and the use of cooling towers or other types of energy dispersion systems abroad, with harmful consequences to the environment In addition to the additional cost that this entails.
    DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to an energy optimization process in evaporation and salt crystallization systems, which allows the dual objective of cooling a cooling water and heating a brine or process effluent, thereby achieving to optimize industrial evaporation processes. and crystallization upon cooling / heating of two sources that may not be related, which minimizes the use of additional electrical energy.
    The method proposed by the invention comprises using a heat pump comprising a closed circuit formed by a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and an evaporator through which a refrigerant fluid with a low boiling point circulates. In operation, the condenser gives heat to a hot bulb and the evaporator absorbs heat from a cold bulb. The method comprises using the hot spot in a brine evaporation / crystallization system and the cold spot in a cooling system.
    The possibility, according to the invention, is contemplated that the process comprises cooling in the cold spot brines or liquid effluents using steam ejectors, by a process of condensation of vapors generated using water
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    cooled in the heat pump evaporator.
    Alternatively, the possibility is contemplated that the process comprises cooling in the cold focus brines or liquid effluents using steam ejectors, by means of a
    5 Direct cooling of cooling waters used in the process of condensation of vapors from the crystallization of brines or from an evaporation process / concentration of effluents.
    It also contemplates the possibility that the procedure includes heating in the
    10 hot focus brines or effluents from a process of crystallization or evaporation concentration.
    As explained in detail below in the examples of application of the process of the invention, it is contemplated that the brines comprise sodium sulfate or
    15 sodium chloride.
    Therefore, the present invention relates to a process for energy optimization of industrial evaporation and crystallization facilities, for example sodium sulfate and sodium chloride, by better utilization and capture of
    20 energy in surplus energy currents, to transfer them to those process currents that are deficit of the same, by applying the heat pump principle.
    Through the process of the invention an energy optimization is produced due to
    25 to a heat transfer from currents considered as cold spot; on which the state of the art of the evaporation / crystallization processes did not act beyond contemplating additional cooling systems for the required dispersion of energy, at currents considered as hot spot and requiring an additional energy input to be able to adapt to the required process conditions.
    30 This transfer of energy in the form of sensible heat from liquid streams is carried out by the heat pump principle.
    A heat pump is a thermal machine that allows energy transfer by heat
    35 from one system to another. For this a work contribution is necessary, in accordance with the second law of thermodynamics, according to which heat is directed spontaneously
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    a hot spot to a cold one, never the other way around, until its temperatures equalize. In addition, this work, in the form of electricity, is converted into heat in its entirety, adding to the heat provided by the cycle itself.
    This phenomenon of heat energy transfer is mainly carried out by means of a compression system of refrigerant gases. A heat pump uses a low-boiling coolant that requires energy, called latent heat, to evaporate. The heat pump extracts that energy from its surroundings in the form of heat.
    The refrigerant fluid at low temperature and in a gaseous state passes through the compressor, which raises its pressure and thereby increases its enthalpy. Once compressed, the cooling fluid passes through a heat exchanger called a condenser, and there it gives heat to the hot spot, since the cooling fluid, which has left the compressor, is even hotter than said hot spot. In any case, when the refrigerant fluid in the condenser cools by transferring heat to the hot spot, its state changes from gas to liquid.
    Then, at the exit of the condenser, the refrigerant fluid passes through the expansion valve, which implies a sharp pressure drop recovering the initial pressure. At that pressure much lower than what was in the condenser, the cooling fluid begins to evaporate.
    This effect is used in the heat exchanger called evaporator that is just after the expansion valve. In the evaporator, the refrigerant fluid, at much less pressure than what was in the condenser, begins to evaporate, and thereby absorbs heat from the cold bulb, since the cooling fluid itself is colder than said bulb. The evaporated fluid returns to the compressor, closing the cycle.
    In accordance with the invention, this specific cycle is applied to the evaporation and crystallization systems directly by cooling the cold spot and heating some of the process streams, which even though the hot spot requires a greater amount of energy.
    With regard to the cooling of the cold spot, the invention aims to complement brine cooling systems, for example sodium sulfate or sodium chloride, or liquid effluents using steam ejectors, by condensing the vapors generated using water cooled in the evaporator of the heat pump system. OR
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    either by direct cooling of the cooling waters used in the process of condensation of vapors from the crystallization of brines, for example of sodium sulfate or sodium chloride, or of an evaporation process / concentration of effluents.
    Likewise, as regards the heating of the hot spot, the invention has its purpose through the direct or indirect heating of process brines or effluents of a process of crystallization or concentration by evaporation, for example of sodium sulfate or sodium chloride.
    The object of the invention has the direct application in vacuum evaporation crystallization processes, or in the concentration of effluents by evaporation. Specifically in processes included in evaporation / crystallization plants of sodium sulfate and sodium chloride, both by evaporation under vacuum, and in evaporations / crystallizations at atmospheric and higher pressures where a water cooling system is included.
    The invention allows the use of the energies involved to be optimized, thus reducing the dissipation requirements of the remaining energy.
    According to the invention the cooling water stream (cold focus) is cooled
    20 by means of the heat pump, thus improving the working capacity of the condenser of the vapors and being less the amount of energy required in the systems of heat dissipation to the environment (cooling tower).
    Similarly, the process current (brine) receives the energy needed to
    25 increase its temperature and thus be able to obtain a greater capacity for evaporation and consequently crystallization, reducing the use of external energy to the process such as the use of steam, electricity or others.
    In short, a better heat is achieved through the application of a heat pump
    The use of the refrigeration / condensation system, the system having a greater capacity for condensation, with a lower work requirement in the cooling tower and providing the desired process current with energy in the form of heat that would otherwise be necessary to use External source of energy (steam and / or electricity).
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    DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, according to a preferred example
    5 of practical realization of the same, is accompanied as an integral part of said description, a set of drawings in which with illustrative and non-limiting nature, the following has been represented:
    Figure 1.- Shows a block diagram of a system according to the principle of heat pump.
    Figure 2 shows a block diagram of a system optimized by the method of the invention, in which a heat pump system such as that shown in Figure 1, represented in a cooling system used in the
    15 production of sodium sulfate.
    PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
    In view of the figures outlined, it can be seen how in one of the possible
    20 embodiments of the invention the procedure proposed by the invention refers to the design of an industrial process focused on optimizing energy those installations in which evaporation / crystallization systems (9) are involved, specifically, in accordance with a preferred embodiment , of hydrated sodium sulfate and its subsequent melting and recrystallization in anhydrous form, as well as
    Evaporation / crystallization (9) of sodium chloride for the generation of crystals of said product.
    For this, the method comprises using a heat pump (1), which in turn comprises a closed circuit formed by a compressor (3), a condenser (4), a
    30 expansion valve (5) and an evaporator (6) through which a cooling fluid (2) circulates with a low boiling point. In operation, the condenser (4) gives heat to a hot bulb (7) and the evaporator (6) absorbs heat from a cold bulb (8). As explained in detail below, the method comprises using the hot spot (7) in a brine evaporation / crystallization system (9) and the cold spot (8) in a system
    35 refrigeration (10).
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    By means of the process of the invention, energy optimization is achieved due to heat transfer from currents considered as cold focus (8) (temperatures below 30-35 ° C) to currents considered as hot focus (7) (temperatures greater than 45 ° C) and that require an additional energy contribution to be able to adapt to the required process conditions.
    This energy transfer in the form of sensible heat of liquid streams is carried out by means of a heat pump (1), as can be seen schematically in the block diagrams of Figures 1 and 2.
    The application of this specific cycle to the evaporation / crystallization systems of sodium sulfate is directly used by cooling the current used to condense the generated vapors and heating some of the process streams that contain the product (brine) and that Even if the hot spot requires a greater amount of energy to generate evaporation / crystallization.
    Sodium sulfate
    The invention allows complementing the sodium sulfate brine cooling systems, which, given their solubility, require crystallization processes at relatively low temperatures, for this and due to the vacuum conditions required to carry evaporation (temperatures below 30 ° C and pressures below 0.050 kg / cm2) steam ejectors and direct contact condensers are used.
    These equipments require significant flow rates of a cooling current with the lowest possible energy load, so that condensation of the vapors generated by simple contact can be carried out. This refrigerant stream is usually found in a recirculation circuit, in which it is necessary to dissipate the energy coming from the condensation of the vapors, before being reused again in the condenser. For this, energy dissipation systems such as cooling towers or air coolers are used in general, with significant investment and operating costs, and without any benefit of energy use, dissipating it to the environment with negative effects in many cases .
    Also, the invention allows direct or indirect heating of brines involved in the crystallization process of sodium sulfate. On site
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    Industrial evaporation / crystallization of sodium sulfate via the generation of hydrated salts, once the salt is obtained by cooling, the process requires a large amount of low thermal energy to proceed with its redisolution. Due to the physical properties of the compound, this solution is carried out at temperatures above 35 ° C. It is to said process current to which the energy absorbed from the cooling current through the heat pump (1) is applied. Otherwise, in the state of the art this redisolution process is carried out through the application of energy resources external to the process such as the use of steam or others.
    Sodium chloride
    The invention makes it possible to complement the cooling / condensation systems with liquid streams used in heat exchangers whose objective is to cool secondary liquid streams or condense gaseous streams generated during the evaporation / crystallization processes.
    These equipments require significant flow rates of a liquid refrigerant stream with the lowest possible energy load to maximize their operating performance. This refrigerant stream is usually found in a recirculation circuit, in which it is necessary to dissipate the energy coming from the condensation of the vapors, before being reused again in the equipment (exchanger / condenser). For this, in the state of the art, energy dissipation systems such as cooling towers or air coolers are used, with significant investment and operating costs, and without any benefit of harnessing the energy collected, dissipating it to the environment with negative effects on Many of the cases.
    By applying the invention in the considered cold spot (8), multiple effects related to the decrease in the energy (thermal) load of the current in question around 5-10 ° C are obtained. Among these effects, it is worth mentioning the decrease in the necessary flow rates as a cooling stream and its better use, which avoids, or minimizing in some cases, the need for continuous contributions due to losses in subsequent equipment where the dissipation of the absorbed energy
    Likewise, a discharge of energy dissipation requirements is achieved in the equipment (cooling towers, air coolers, etc.) downstream of the refrigeration / condensation circuit of the generated vapors, with savings consequences in those
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    equipment.
    It should also be mentioned that an increase in temperature differences (higher thermal jumps available) is achieved, so that an increase in the performance of existing equipment (condensers, exchangers) can be made.
    Finally, there is a lower dimensional requirement in new equipment to carry out similar thermal exchanges.
    Also, the invention allows direct or indirect heating of brines involved in the crystallization process of sodium chloride around 5-10 ° C. In the industrial facilities of crystallization of sodium chloride via evaporation / crystallization, the energy needs of these processes are very important, since the energies involved in the phase change of the solvent are high. In general the application
    15 of external energy resources to the process such as the use of steam or others is necessary. However, by applying the heat pump principle (1), which not only takes advantage of the heat energy extracted from the cold bulb (8), but also integrates the electrical consumption required by the equipment, these can be minimized considerably energy resources external to the process itself.
    In view of this description and set of figures, the person skilled in the art will be able to understand that the embodiments of the invention that have been described can be combined in multiple ways within the scope of the invention. The invention has been described according to some preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be apparent to the person skilled in the art
    25 that multiple variations can be introduced into said preferred embodiments without exceeding the object of the claimed invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1]

    1.-Procedure of energy optimization in evaporation and salt crystallization systems, characterized in that it comprises using a heat pump (1), which in turn 5 comprises a closed circuit formed by a compressor (3), a condenser (4 ), an expansion valve (5) and an evaporator (6) through which a cooling fluid (2) with a low boiling point circulates, where, in operation, the condenser (4) gives heat to a hot spot (7 ) and the evaporator (6) absorbs heat from a cold bulb (8), the method comprising using the hot bulb (7) in an evaporation / crystallization system (9) of
    10 brines and cold focus (8) in a cooling system (10).
    [2]
    2. Method according to claim 1, comprising cooling in the cold spot (8) brines or liquid effluents using steam ejectors, by a process of condensation of vapors generated using water cooled in the evaporator (6) of the
    15 heat pump (1).
    [3]
    3. Method according to claim 1, comprising cooling in the cold spot (8) brines or liquid effluents using steam ejectors, by direct cooling of cooling waters used in the vapor condensation process
    20 from the crystallization of brines or from an evaporation process / effluent concentration.
    [4]
    4. Method according to any of the preceding claims, comprising heating in the hot spot (7) brines or effluents of a crystallization process or evaporation concentration.
    [5]
    5. Process according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the brines comprise sodium sulfate.
    6. Method according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein the brines comprise sodium chloride.
    12
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    同族专利:
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    引用文献:
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    GB2413321A|2004-04-23|2005-10-26|Parsons Brinckerhoff Ltd|Process and plant for multi-stage flash desalination of water|
    GB2443802A|2006-11-08|2008-05-21|L E T Leading Edge Technologie|Thermal desalination plant integrated upgrading process and apparatus|
    EP2407734A1|2009-03-13|2012-01-18|Daikin Industries, Ltd.|Heat pump system|
    US20120205236A1|2011-02-15|2012-08-16|King Fahd University Of Petroleum & Minerals|High-Efficiency Thermal-Energy-Driven Water Purification System|CN108275816A|2015-12-23|2018-07-13|倍杰特国际环境技术股份有限公司|A kind of high-salinity wastewater zero-emission crystalline salt by evaporation sub-prime device and method|
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